date - Get weekdays in English in R - Stack Overflow
参考になるようでならない。環境依存なのかも。
> Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "en_US") [1] "" Warning message: In Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "en_US") : OS reports request to set locale to "en_US" cannot be honored > Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME","English United States") [1] "" Warning message: In Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "English United States") : OS reports request to set locale to "English United States" cannot be honored
> weekdays(Sys.Date()+0:6) [1] "火曜日" "水曜日" "木曜日" "金曜日" "土曜日" "日曜日" "月曜日" > Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME","us") [1] "English_United States.1252" > weekdays(Sys.Date()+0:6) [1] "Tuesday" "Wednesday" "Thursday" "Friday" "Saturday" "Sunday" "Monday"
ということで、環境変数をあらかじめセットしておくかRprofileにでも書いておくとよいでしょう。